Everything about White Minority Rule totally explained
A
dominant minority, also known as
alien elites if they're recent immigrants, is a group that has overwhelming
political,
economic or
cultural dominance in a
country or
region despite representing a small fraction of the overall population (a
demographic minority). The term is most commonly used to refer to an
ethnic group which is defined along
racial,
national,
religious or
cultural group that holds disproportionate power.
White minority rule describes a situation where
whites, comprising the minority of inhabitants, lead countries where nonwhite populations are the majority of inhabitants. White minority rule was associated with legal segregation (
apartheid) in South Africa but not in Rhodesia or the Portuguese colonial territories. In these countries the franchise was extended to nonwhites on a qualified basis.
The term was principally (though not entirely) used in southern Africa, especially in the
Republic of South Africa (before and during the policy of Apartheid) and in
Rhodesia (before and during the rule of the
Rhodesian Front). Many in the local nonwhite populations tended to favor
Majority Rule, a term which the white minority tended to describe as
Black Majority Rule.
White minority rule ended in these countries through a combination of attacks by nonwhite groups; peaceful protests by nonwhites; widespread international moral, political and financial pressure, including from majority-white countries; and changing attitudes within the white minorities themselves.
It can also be said that the white minority in South America is a dominant minority. However, the key differences between the situation in South America and the situation in South Africa is that there were no strict legal barriers enforcing segregation in South American societies. Furthermore, there was greater intermarriage between the white minority and the other communities in the continent.
Some scholars argue that white minority rule exists within the
international system and term this phenomenon Global Apartheid.
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More examples of dominant minorities
Other examples of dominant minorities that have been said to have existed in the past are the
Dutch in
Indonesia,
Germans in the
Austro-Hungarian Empire, Anglo-Irish (Protestants) in Ireland,
Russians in
Soviet Central Asia (for current status see
Russians in Kazakhstan,
Turkmenistan Russians and
Russian diaspora), the
Tutsis in
Rwanda, and
Burundi,
Huwala in the Arab states bordering the
Persian Gulf,
Alawis in
Syria,
Sunnis in
Saddam Hussein-era
Iraq, and
Anglos in pre-
Quiet Revolution Quebec, Canada.
There are more cases of situations where a minority group has had disproportionate representation in economically-powerful positions and has achieved higher incomes than the majority community. However, in these situations, these groups may not have had the political, social and cultural power that other dominant minorities have had.
The most commonly cited examples of minorities that may have had economic power and influence in a society but lacked political dominance and often suffered as a result are: the
South Asians in
East Africa and
Chinese in
Indonesia and
Malaysia, see
Market-dominant minority.
Further Information
Get more info on 'White Minority Rule'.
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